Prenatal Genetics Program

• Prenatal screening tests estimate the chance (risk) that a pregnancy might be affected by certain genetic conditions or birth defects. They are non-invasive (usually a blood test and/or ultrasound) and pose no risk to the pregnancy. However, they do not provide a definitive diagnosis — they simply indicate whether further testing might be worthwhile. 

• Prenatal diagnostic tests (such as chorionic villus sampling [CVS] or amniocentesis) directly examine fetal cells and can confirm with high accuracy whether a genetic condition is present. These tests are invasive and carry a small risk of miscarriage. 

Yes. Most babies with genetic conditions are born to families with no known history of those conditions. Many genetic changes occur for the first time in a pregnancy and are not inherited. Screening or testing options can provide valuable information about the baby’s health even if there’s no family history. 

In most cases, yes. Prenatal genetic counseling is often covered by health insurance, especially when it’s recommended by your healthcare provider. However, coverage can vary by plan, so it’s a good idea to contact your insurance company beforehand to confirm your benefits and any potential out-of-pocket costs. 

Absolutely. Meeting with a genetic counselor doesn’t mean you have to pursue any specific test. Genetic counselors provide information about all available options, including non-invasive screening, and help you make informed choices that align with your values and preferences. They can also help interpret results from any testing you do choose. 

Not necessarily. Doctors often recommend genetic counseling as a routine part of prenatal care, especially if you’re over a certain age, had specific screening results, or simply want more information. A referral is not an indication that something is wrong — it’s an opportunity to learn more and make informed decisions.